HackingTheUniverse

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Blaise Pascal was born in 1623 in Clermont, France. He is mostly known as being an outstanding mathematician, but also was a physicist and philosopher. He made significant contributions to the areas of conic sections and projective geometry. Pascal’s triangle is a number matrix in the shape of a triangle with the numbers staggered [...]

In 1206, an Arabic engineer and inventor from Mesopotamia known as al-Jazari wrote a description of a suction pump, along with several other supporting pieces, all incorporated into the design of a twin cylinder reciprocating piston suction pump. This was the first known use of a partial vacuum to suck fluids into a pump, [...]

In 1650, Otto von Guericke of Germany, invented the first known vacuum pump.

Heinrich Geissler and Julius Plucker use Geisslers new vacuum pump to evacuate the atomosphere inside a glass tube. Plucker, a young professor at the University of Bonn, discovered that a glowing stream could be produced when electricity was passed through electrodes embedded in the glass tubes and that the stream responded to a magnet. [...]

In 1854, Heinrich Geissler invents the mercury vacuum pump, which leads to high quality vacuum tubes, which in turn leads the invention of the transistor.