HackingTheUniverse

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Daniel Bernoulli was born in 1700 in the Netherlands and became a mathematician known for his work with fluid dynamics and probability and statistics. In fluid mechanics, “Bernoulli’s Principle” describes the relationships involved amongst fluid speed, pressure differential and potential energy.
PRECURSOR:
1642 - Newton
1662 - Boyle’s law
CONCURRENT:
1707 - Euler
SUBSEQUENT:
1736 - Lagrange
Laplace
1768 - Fourier
SEE ALSO:
timeline of [...]

Hermann Minkowski was born in Lithuania in 1864 and was a mathematician who also did work in mathematical physics and relativity. “Minkowski Space” is a manifold constructed with three space-like dimensions and one time-like dimension to create the four dimensional spacetime continuum associated with relativity theory. When he taught at a science and [...]

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was born in Leipzig, Germany in 1646 and became known primarily for his contributions to philosophy and mathematics but was also accomplished in many other fields. He created the modern binary number system that is used by computers and at the same time as Newton, invented calculus.
PRECURSOR:
Descartes
Pascal
Huygens
CONCURRENT:
Newton
Spinoza
SUBSEQUENT:
Cauchy
1826 - Riemann
Mandelbrot

Rene Descartes was born in France in 1596. He is known as “the father of modern philosophy” and also contributed to mathematics and general science. The cartesian coordinate system is named for him and he created analytic geometry. He also did some work in the field of optics, with both refraction and reflection.
Prior to Descartes, [...]

Tycho Brahe was born in 1546 in Sweden. He was an astronomer and alchemist who is known for his contributions to astronomy. While he was probably the last astronomer to work mostly without a telescope, he revolutionized the use of precise instrumentation in astronomy. Because of this precision, he was able to discover and document [...]

Aristarchus was born on the island of Samos in Greece around -0310. He was a mathematician and philospher and probably the first on record to propose that the Earth circled around the Sun instead of the other way around. He wrote a work titled, “On the Sizes and Distances of the Sun and [...]

Born in 1571 in the Stuttgart region of Germany, Johannes Kepler was a mathematician and astronomer. Kepler became the first published defender of the heliocentric theory of Copernicus. He described planetary orbits as platonic solids and then realized that the orbits are eliptical.
Kepler studied the golden ration and wrote this about it:
“Geometry has two [...]

Albert Einstein was born in Wurttemburg, Germany in 1879 and become known as one of the greatest physicists and thinkers.
PRECURSOR:
-0300 - Euclid
Galileo
Newton
1777 - Gauss
Maxwell
Poincare
Mach
1826 - Riemann
CONCURRENT:
Minkowski
Schroedinger
Planck
de Broglie
Bose
Hilbert
1849 - Klein
1853 - Lorentz
1885 - Bohr
1885 - Kaluza
1901 - Heisenberg
1902 - Dirac
1906 - Godel
SUBSEQUENT:
Hawking
SEE ALSO:
Albert Einstein Online - [westegg.com]
Einstein’s Big Idea - [pbs.org]
Einstein - [amnh.org]

Kurt Godel was born in Austria-Hungary in 1906. He was a mathematician and philosopher and was the most influential logician of his time. Godel is best known for his incompleteness theorems, proved in 1931, that demonstrate inherent limitations in symbolic systems.
PRECURSOR:
Goethe
Newton
Kant
Liebnitz
CONCURRENT:
Einstein
Russell
Whitehead
Hilbert
Heisenberg
von Neumann
SUBSEQUENT:
SEE ALSO:
1931 - incompleteness theorems

Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564. He was an astronomer, physicist, mathematician and philospher. Galileo made improvements to the newly invented telescope and then used it to discover and make observations of the moons around Jupiter and published his findings advocating the heliocentric ideas authored by Copernicus.
PRECURSOR:
Ptolemy
Copernicus
Brahe
Tartaglia
telescope
CONCURRENT:
Kepler
Descartes
SUBSEQUENT:
Newton