HackingTheUniverse

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Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann was born in 1826 in Breselenz, Germany. He worked on analytic geometry, algebraic geometry, and both non-euclidean and n-dimensional geometries. Some of this work laid important foundations for Einstein’s theory of relativity. He composed the famous “Riemann Hypothesis” which deals with predicting prime numbers. He was a student under Gauss.
PRECURSOR:
-0575 Pythagoras
-0300 [...]

Hermann Minkowski was born in Lithuania in 1864 and was a mathematician who also did work in mathematical physics and relativity. “Minkowski Space” is a manifold constructed with three space-like dimensions and one time-like dimension to create the four dimensional spacetime continuum associated with relativity theory. When he taught at a science and [...]

Born near Hamburg, Germany in 1885, Hermann Weyl was a mathematician whose work had a strong influence on both physics and number theory. He worked on combining general relativity and the laws of electromagnetism. He worked with Lie algebras, symmetry and created the first version of gauge theory which attempted to describe both electromagnetic and [...]

Born in Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany in 1882, Emmy Noether was a mathematician who laid the groundwork for the idea of symmetry in mathematics and physics. She studied the works of Hilbert, Klein and Minkowski and was peer with Hermann Weyl.
Noether’s theorem - in 1915, she proved a relationship between symmetries in physics [...]

Albert Einstein was born in Wurttemburg, Germany in 1879 and become known as one of the greatest physicists and thinkers.
PRECURSOR:
-0300 - Euclid
Galileo
Newton
1777 - Gauss
Maxwell
Poincare
Mach
1826 - Riemann
CONCURRENT:
Minkowski
Schroedinger
Planck
de Broglie
Bose
Hilbert
1849 - Klein
1853 - Lorentz
1885 - Bohr
1885 - Kaluza
1901 - Heisenberg
1902 - Dirac
1906 - Godel
SUBSEQUENT:
Hawking
SEE ALSO:
Albert Einstein Online - [westegg.com]
Einstein’s Big Idea - [pbs.org]
Einstein - [amnh.org]

In 1931, Kurt Godel published two theorems of mathematical logic that have become known as the incompleteness theorems. Prior to these theorems, many mathematicians were trying to prove that all of mathematics could someday be encoded in a complete set of axioms.
First incompleteness theorem:
Any effectively generated theory capable of expressing elementary arithmetic cannot be [...]

Kurt Godel was born in Austria-Hungary in 1906. He was a mathematician and philosopher and was the most influential logician of his time. Godel is best known for his incompleteness theorems, proved in 1931, that demonstrate inherent limitations in symbolic systems.
PRECURSOR:
Goethe
Newton
Kant
Liebnitz
CONCURRENT:
Einstein
Russell
Whitehead
Hilbert
Heisenberg
von Neumann
SUBSEQUENT:
SEE ALSO:
1931 - incompleteness theorems

Felix Christian Klein was born in Dusseldorf, Germany and was a mathematician. He did work on group theory and non-Euclidian geometry. He wrote a book on the icosahedron and created a 4-dimensional construct that is known as the “klein bottle”.
PRECURSOR:
Plucker
1826 - Riemann
CONCURRENT:
Kaluza
Lie
Poincare
SUBSEQUENT:
Hilbert
1879 - Einstein
SEE ALSO:
Polyhedral models of Felix Klein´s Quartic - [uni-siegen.de]
Indras Pearls [...]