HackingTheUniverse

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AI agents that can act as ethical advisors to humans will be possible soon. Once we have successfully coded ethics into a logic scheme that can be translated into programming code and the agents go through a sufficient learning curve, they will be capable of offering advice on ethical decisions.
EA (Ethical Advisor) agents will [...]

Martine Rothblatt explores the question of what qualifies as artificial intelligence and along the way, suggests a new name for it - Vitology. Then, in another article, she describes how fast it is arriving.
Will Uploaded Minds in Machines be Alive? - [ieet.org]
The differences between organic and cybernetic life are less important that their similarities. [...]

Effective argument can be considered as communication to persuade others through reasoned judgement. A discussion of the pros and cons of various options and an attempt to negotiate consensus as an outcome can be part of the process. Critical evaluation of the underlying logic and of the level of relevance of each component [...]

Trying to set a criteria for defining the rights we allow to non-human entities provides an interesting debate. The word, “intelligence” is usually used, but that is not simple to define and may not be adequate. Intelligence is often measured by ability to perform analytic reasoning. But just performing calculations or retrieving [...]

“I think, therefore I am” (cogito ergo sum) - Rene Descartes
Consciousness or awareness of self existence, seems to be a combination of a sense of limitation of self, of distinguishing between self and “other than self”, of past history relevant to self and perhaps most importantly of current reasoning and analytical processes being used to [...]

Genetic programming is an extension of genetic algorithms that allows for refining and improving computer programs to seek solutions in the same way.
John Koza Has Built an Invention Machine - [popsci.com]
Now 62 and an adjunct professor at Stanford University, Koza is the inventor of genetic programming, a revolutionary approach to artificial intelligence (AI) [...]

The historical standard for testing AIs for intelligence has been the Turing Test. But it can be argued that the Turing test only confirms a mimicry of human conversation and is not true intelligence. Other standards for strong (or general AI) include reasoning and learning ability. Like conversation, these factors can be established by supplying [...]

How difficult will it be to translate ethics into logic trees that can be encoded into software for use by AIs? In a simplified ethical decision, there is a starting state, usually at least two possible actions (or an action/inaction pair) to choose between and outcome states to calculate and compare. In order to make an [...]

Genetic algorithms use the principles found in the evolutionary process to create formulas that can solve problems. Like mutation, small parts of the formulas are changed and then the formula is evaluated to see if the change has improved it.
GENETIC ALGORITHMS - [obitko.com]
Search Space
If we are solving some problem, we are usually looking for some [...]

Most discusssions of ethics in AIs or robots involve implanting some kind of code of behavior into the system that ensures the kind of behavior that we would agree with. Asimov’s three laws of robotics are an example of this type of “ethical governor”.
Since the definition of intelligence implies some reasoning ability and at least [...]