nmap

First released by Fyodor in a 1997 issue of Phrack magazine, nmap has become the de-facto standard for network scanning and port scanning tools. Nmap is free and open-source and is now available in versions for most major OS platforms and includes features for OS identification, service version detection, a scripting engine, multi-probe scanning, a GUI interface and topology mapping. Nmap offers over a hundred command line options.

Nmap – [nmap.org]
Insecure.org – [insecure.org]

Nmap is …

Flexible: Supports dozens of advanced techniques for mapping out networks filled with IP filters, firewalls, routers, and other obstacles. This includes many port scanning mechanisms (both TCP & UDP), OS detection, version detection, ping sweeps, and more. See the documentation page.

Powerful: Nmap has been used to scan huge networks of literally hundreds of thousands of machines.

Portable: Most operating systems are supported, including Linux, Microsoft Windows, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, IRIX, Mac OS X, HP-UX, NetBSD, Sun OS, Amiga, and more.

Easy: While Nmap offers a rich set of advanced features for power users, you can start out as simply as “nmap -v -A targethost”. Both traditional command line and graphical (GUI) versions are available to suit your preference. Binaries are available for those who do not wish to compile Nmap from source.

An excellent book on Nmap is available from Amazon at:
Nmap Network Scanning – [amazon.com]

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